Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and other symptoms of OSA are associated with probable major depression, regardless of factors like weight, age, sex or race, according to a new study released Friday from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

There was no link between depression and snoring, according to the study.

"Snorting, gasping or stopping breathing while asleep was associated with nearly all depression symptoms, including feeling hopeless and feeling like a failure," said Anne Wheaton, lead author of the study.

The study, appearing in the April issue of the journal SLEEP, is the first nationally representative sampling to examine this relationship, surveying 9,714 American adults. Previous studies have focused on smaller samples of specific populations.

Wheaton, an epidemiologist with CDC, said the likelihood of depression increased with the reported frequency of snorting and/ or instances when breathing stopped in the study. She suggested screening for these disorders in the presence of the other could help address the high prevalence and underdiagnosis of sleep apnea and depression, especially if sleepiness is a chief complaint.

Snorting, gasping and pauses in breathing during sleep are all signs of OSA, a common form of sleep-disordered breathing. Six percent of men and three percent of women in the study reported having physician-diagnosed sleep apnea. OSA occurs when the muscles relax during sleep, causing soft tissue in the back of the throat to collapse and block the upper airway.