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| The G8 stands for the 'Group of Eight' nations. It began in 1975 when President Giscard d'Estaing of France invited the leaders of Japan, the USA, Germany, the United Kingdom and Italy to Rambouillet, near Paris, to discuss the economic problems of the day. |
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| The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is an intergovernmental organization founded in Shanghai on June 15, 2001, by China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. |
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| The Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN was established on August 8, 1967, in Bangkok by the five original member countries, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Brunei Darussalam joined on January 8, 1984; Viet Nam on July 28, 1995; Laos and Myanmar on July 23, 1997; and Cambodia on April 30, 1999. |
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| China and Russia share a borderline of over 7,300 km, one of the longest in the world. Between the late 18th century and the early 20th century, Russia used military threats to force the Chinese Government to sign a total of 19 border treaties, taking more than 1.5 million square km of Chinese territory. |
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