In 2010, the investment in real estate development was 4,826.7 billion yuan, up by 33.2 percent. Of this total, the investment in commercial residential buildings reached 3,403.8 billion yuan, an increase of 32.9 percent; that in office buildings was 180.7 billion yuan, up by 31.2 percent; and that in buildings for commercial business was 559.9 billion yuan, up by 33.9 percent.

In 2010, the construction of various indemnificatory apartments and updating of the shantytowns were in place which amounted to 5.90 million units and 3.70 million units were completed.

V. Domestic Trade

In 2010, the total retail sales of consumer goods reached 15,699.8 billion yuan, a growth of 18.3 percent over the previous year, or a real growth of 14.8 percent after deducting price factors. An analysis on different areas[8] showed that the retail sales of consumer goods in urban areas stood at 13,612.3 billion yuan, up by 18.7 percent, and that in rural areas reached 2,087.5 billion yuan, up by 16.2 percent. Grouped by consumption patterns, the income of retail sales of commodities was 13,935.0 billion yuan, up by 18.4 percent, and that of catering industry was 1,764.8 billion yuan, up by 18.1 percent.

Of the total retail sales of commodities by enterprises above designated size, the year-on-year growth of sales for motor vehicles was 34.8 percent; that for grain and edible oil was 27.9 percent; for meat and eggs 21.7 percent; for clothing 25.8 percent; for daily necessities 25.1 percent; for cultural and office goods 23.5 percent. The sales of telecommunication equipment increased by 21.8 percent. The growth of sales for cosmetics was 16.6 percent; for gold, silver and jewelry 46.0 percent; for traditional Chinese drugs and Western drugs 23.5 percent; for electric and electronic appliances for household use and audio-video equipment 27.7 percent; for furniture 37.2 percent and building and decoration materials 32.3 percent.

VI. Foreign Economic Relations

 The total value of imports and exports in 2010 reached $2,972.8 billion, up by 34.7 percent over the previous year. Of this total, the value of goods export was $1,577.9 billion, increased by 31.3 percent, and the value of goods import was $1,394.8 billion, up by 38.7 percent. The balance of imports and exports was (exports minus imports) $183.1 billion, a decrease of $12.6 billion over the previous year. 

The year 2010 witnessed the establishment of 27,406 enterprises with foreign direct investment in non-financial sectors, up by 16.9 percent over the previous year; and the foreign capital actually utilized was $105.7 billion, up by17.4 percent.

In 2010, the overseas direct investment (non-financial sectors) by Chinese investors was $59.0 billion, up by 36.3 percent over the previous year.

 In 2010, the accomplished business revenue through contracted overseas engineering projects was $92.2 billion, up by 18.7 percent, and the business revenue through overseas labor contracts was $8.9 billion, maintaining the same level in the previous year.

 VII. Transportation, Post, Telecommunications and Tourism

In 2010, the total freight traffic reached 32.0 billion tons, up by 13.4 percent over the previous year, and the freight flows was 13,732.9 billion ton-kilometers, grew by 12.4 percent.

The volume of freight handled by ports above the designated size throughout the year totaled 8.02 billion tons, up 15.0 percent over the previous year, of which freight for foreign trade was 2.46 billion tons, up 13.6 percent. Container shipping handled 145.0 million standard containers, up by 18.8 percent.

The total number of motor vehicles for civilian use had reached 90.86 million (including 12.84 million tri-wheel motor vehicles and low-speed trucks) by the end of 2010, up 19.3 percent, of which private-owned vehicles numbered 65.39 million, up 25.3 percent. The total number of cars for civilian use stood at 40.29 million, up by 28.4 percent, of which private-owned cars numbered 34.43 million, up by 32.2 percent.

 The turnover of post and telecommunication services[9] totaled 3,294.0 billion yuan, up 20.6 percent over the previous year. Of this total, post services accounted for 198.5 billion yuan, up 21.6 percent, and telecommunication services 3,095.5 billion yuan, up 20.5 percent. By the end of 2010, with a decrease of 27.07 million lines of office switchboards, the total capacity stood at 465.59 million lines. The newly increased capacity of mobile phone switchboard[10] was 64.33 million lines with the total capacity reaching 1,505.18 million lines. The year also saw 294.38 million fixed telephone subscribers. This included 196.62 million urban subscribers and 97.76 million rural subscribers. Mobile phone users numbered 859.00 million by the end of 2010, with 111.79 million new subscribers in the year. Of this total, the number of 3G mobile phone users[11] reached 47.05 million. In total, the number of fixed and mobile phone users reached 1,153.39 million, an increase of 92.44 million as compared with that at the end of 2009. Phone coverage is 86.5 sets per 100 persons. The number of Internet users was 457 million, of which broadband users were 450 million, and the coverage rate of Internet was 34.3 percent.

The year 2010 saw 2.10 billion domestic tourists, up 10.6 percent over the previous year. The revenue from domestic tourism totaled 1,258.0 billion yuan, up 23.5 percent. The number of inbound visitors to China totaled 133.76 million, a year-on-year increase of 5.8 percent. Of this total, 26.13 million were foreigners, up 19.1 percent; and 107.64 million were Chinese compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, up 3.0 percent. Of all the inbound tourists, overnight visitors counted 55.66 million, up 9.4 percent. Foreign exchange earnings from international tourism topped $45.8 billion, up 15.5 percent. The number of China's outbound visitors totaled 57.39 million, up 20.4 percent. Of this total, 51.51 million were on private visits, a year-on-year rise of 22.0 percent, or 89.8 percent of all outgoing visitors. 

VIII. Financial Intermediation

By the end of 2010, money supply of broad sense (M2) was 72.6 trillion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 19.7 percent. Money supply of narrow sense (M1) was 26.7 trillion yuan, up 21.2 percent. Cash in circulation (M0) was 4.5 trillion yuan, up 16.7 percent. 

Savings deposit in renminbi and foreign currencies in all items of financial institutions totaled 73.3 trillion yuan at the end of 2010, an increase of 12.1 trillion yuan. Of this total, the savings deposit in renminbi stood at 71.8 trillion yuan, an increase of 12.0 trillion yuan. Loans in renminbi and foreign currencies in all items of financial institutions reached 50.9 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.4 trillion yuan. Of this total, that in renminbi was 47.9 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.9 trillion yuan.

Loans in Renminbi from rural financial cooperation institutions (i.e. rural credit cooperatives, rural cooperation banks, and rural commercial banks) totaled 5.7 trillion yuan by the end of 2010, an increase of 965.5 billion yuan as compared with the beginning of 2010. The loans in renminbi for consumption use from all financial institutions totaled 7.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 1,886.6 billion yuan. Of all consumption loans, short-term loans for individuals totaled 1.0 trillion yuan, an increase of 293.5 billion yuan, and medium- and long-term loans for individuals reached 6.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 1,593.1 billion yuan.

Funds raised in 2010 by enterprises through issuing stocks and share rights on stock market amounted to 1,025.7 billion yuan, an increase of 566.6 billion yuan over the previous year. Of this total, 347 A-share companies were issued, receiving 488.3 billion yuan worth of capital altogether, an increase of 300.4 billion yuan. The refinancing of A-shares (including rationing shares, public newly issued, nonpublic newly issued and warrants) received 407.2 billion yuan worth of capital altogether, an increase of 205.7 billion yuan over 2009. The listed companies financed 132.0 billion yuan through convertible bonds, bonds with attached warrants and corporate bonds, an increase of 60.5 billion yuan. A total of 117 growth enterprise board stocks were issued, receiving 96.3 billion yuan.

In 2010, corporate funds raised by the non-listed companies reached 362.7 billion yuan, a decrease of 62.5 billion yuan over that in the previous year. The short-term financing funds of enterprises were 674.2 billion yuan, an increase of 213.0 billion yuan, and the medium-term notes were 492.4 billion yuan, a drop of 196.1 billion yuan. Funds raised by medium- and small-sized enterprises through collection notes reached 4.7 billion yuan.

The premium[12] received by the insurance companies totaled 1,452.8 billion yuan in 2010, up 30.4 percent over the previous year. Of this total, life insurance premium amounted to 968.0 billion yuan, health and casualty insurance premium 95.2 billion yuan, and property insurance premium 389.6 billion yuan. Insurance companies paid an indemnity worth of 320.0 billion yuan, of which, life insurance indemnity was 110.9 billion yuan, health and casualty insurance indemnity 33.5 billion yuan, and property insurance indemnity 175.6 billion yuan.

IX. Education, Science & Technology and Culture

 In 2010, the post-graduate education enrollment was 1.538 million students with 538,000 new students and 384,000 graduates. The general tertiary education enrollment was 22.318 million students with 6.618 million new students and 5.754 million graduates. Vocational secondary schools of various types had 22.318 million enrolled students, including 8.681 million new entrants, and 6.592 million graduates. Senior secondary schools had 24.273 million enrolled students, including 8.362 million new entrants, and 7.944 million graduates. Students enrolled in junior secondary schools totaled 52.793 million, including 17.166 million new entrants, and 17.504 million graduates. The country had a primary education enrollment of 99.407 million students, including 16.917 million new entrants, and 17.396 million graduates. There were 426,000 students enrolled in special education schools, with 65,000 new entrants. Kindergartens accommodated 29.767 million children.

 The amount of expenditures on research and development activities (R&D) was worth 698.0 billion yuan in 2010, up 20.3 percent over 2009, accounting for 1.75 percent of GDP. Of this total, 32.8 billion yuan was appropriated for fundamental research programs. A total number of 326 projects under the National Key Technology Research and Development Program and 308 projects under the Hi-tech Research and Development Program (the 863 Program) were implemented. The year 2010 saw a total of 127 national engineering research centers and 91 national engineering laboratories. The number of state validated enterprise technical centers reached 729 by the end of the year. The technical centers at the provincial level numbered 5,532. Venture capital investment plan had been implemented to boost new emerging industries, with accumulatively 20 venture investment enterprises being supported to be established and 46 venture businesses being invested. Some 1.222 million patent applications were accepted from home and abroad, of which 1.084 million were domestic applications, accounting for 88.7 percent of the total. A total number of 391,000 patent applications for new inventions were accepted, of which 281,000 were from domestic applicants or 71.9 percent of the total. A total of 815,000 patents were authorized in 2010, of which 719,000 were domestic patents, accounting for 88.2 percent of the total. A total of 135,000 patents for new inventions were authorized, of which 74,000 were domestic ones, accounting for 54.8 percent. Till the end of year 2010, the number of patents in force was 2.216 million, of which 1.732 million patents were domestic ones, accounting for 78.2 percent; the number of patents in force for inventions was 565,000, of which 230,000 were domestic ones, accounting for 40.7 percent. A total of 230,000 technology transfer contracts were signed, representing 390.6 billion yuan in value, up 28.5 percent over the previous year. The year 2010 saw 15 times of successful launch of satellites. Chang'e 2 satellite was launched successfully. 

 By the end of 2010, there were altogether 27,000 laboratories for product inspection, including 443 national inspection centers. There were 171 organizations for product certification and management system certification, which accumulatively certified products[13] in 79,850 enterprises. A total of 3,309 authorized measurement institutions enforced compulsory inspection on 44.67 million measurement instruments in the year. A total of 2,860 national standards were developed or revised in the year, including 2,123 new standards. There were 5,149 weather warning signals sent by national and provincial meteorological stations, and 6,559 weather alerts. There were 1,477 seismological monitor stations and 32 seismological remote monitor network stations. The numbers of oceanic observation stations was 71. Mapping departments published 1,944 maps and 806 mapping books.