5.2 Needs for International Cooperation on Climate Change

5.2.1 Needs for technology transfer and cooperation

- Technology need for observation and monitoring of climate change. Major technology need for this purpose includes: atmospheric observation, marine observation, terrestrial eco-observation, satellite technology on meteorological, marine and terrestrial resources, climate system simulation and calculation technology, etc. Among these needs, technology for manufacturing of advanced observation equipments, the high-resolution and high-precision satellite technology, technology for satellite data acquirement and remote-sensing information collection and reviewing, and high-performance climate change simulation techniques are on top of the list for China to establish its own climate observation system, and are the priorities of the country's need for technology transfer and cooperation.

- Technology need for mitigation of climate change. China is at the stage of large-scale infrastructure construction, and is in urgent need of technology for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. China's technology need for mitigation of climate change mainly covers advanced energy production and utilization technology, environmental protection and resource comprehensive utilization technology, high-efficiency transportation technology, new material technology, new-style building material technology, etc. Among these needs, the high-efficiency, low-pollution coal-burning power generation technology, large hydropower generation unit technology, new generation nuclear technology, renewable energy technology, architectural energy conservation technology, clean fuel vehicle technology, hybrid electric vehicle technology, urban rail-based traffic technology, fuel cell and hydrogen technology, oxygen-rich coal-spray blast furnace and long-life span technology, comprehensive technology for transformation and expansion of small and medium-sized nitrogenous production facilities, new paving material technology and new-type wall-body material technology are the priorities. Introduction and diffusion of these technologies in China will make significant difference to the country's efforts to control greenhouse gas emissions.

- Technology need for adaptation to climate change. China's technology need for adaptation to climate change mainly includes high-efficiency water-saving agro-technologies such as spray and drip irrigation, water-saving and reusing technology of industrial water, treatment technology of industrial and household wastewater, household water-saving technology, high-efficiency flood-controlling technology, agro-biological technology, agricultural breeding technology, production technology for new-type fertilizers, disease and pest control technology for cropland, forest and grassland, cultivation technology of fast-growing high-yield forest and high-efficiency firewood forest, technology for recovery and reconstruction of wetland, mangrove and coral reef ecosystems, technology for observation and pre-warning of flood, drought, sea level rise, agricultural disasters, etc. Timely acquisition of these technologies can greatly help China reinforce its capacity for adaptation to climate change.

5.2.2 Needs for capacity building

- Development of human resources. Capacity building need for development of human resources mainly includes personnel training, international exchange program, discipline development and professional training in the area of fundamental research on climate change, policy analysis on mitigation and adaptation, information system development and CDM project management.

- Adaptation to climate change. Capacity building need for adaptation to climate change mainly includes development of adaptation projects, case studies on extreme climatic events, improvement of climate observation systems, enhancing the adaptation capacity of coastal areas, water resource and agriculture sectors, etc.

- Technology transfer and cooperation. Capacity building need for technology transfer and cooperation mainly includes: timely following up new progress and trend of international technology development, effective identification and assessment of advanced adaptation technology, analysis on barriers to international technological transfer and cooperation, and improving the ability to adapt to and assimilate transferred technologies, etc.

- Public awareness. Capacity building need for public awareness includes developing medium- and long-term program and policy to enhance public awareness of climate change, establishing professional publicity and education network and institutions in line with international standards, training people working in media and education institutions, launching public campaigns for stakeholders from different regions and groups to disseminate the knowledge of climate change, and guiding the public consumption patterns in favor of the protection of global climate system.

- Information system development. Capacity building need on information system development includes: distributed databases on climate change, internet-based climate change information sharing platforms, application-oriented information system and information service system, public information service system and industrial information service system, international information exchange and cooperation, etc.

- National communications. Capacity building need for national communications includes: the establishment of statistical system catering to the compilation of emission inventory, collection of testing and monitoring data for emission factors, methodologies for inventory quality control, assessment of climate change impact and adaptation, projection of future emissions and the development and management of national greenhouse gas emission database.

(Source: http://en.ndrc.gov.cn)